Meghan Reid Essays - The Awakening, Jazz Poetry,

Meghan Reid Teacher Zimmerman Respects English December 1, 1998 Nature and the Human Soul: The Shackles of Freedom Langston Hughes and Kate Chopin use nature in a few measurements to show the incredible battles and weights of human life. All through Kate Chopin's The Awakening and a few of Langston Hughes' sonnets, the broad symbolism of the magnificence and intensity of nature shows the battles the characters stand up to, and their possible opportunity from those battles. Nature and opportunity coincide, and the characters inevitably figure out how to discover opportunity from the limits of society, oneself, lastly opportunity inside one's spirit. The utilization of nature for this reason acquires the characters and speakers Chopin's and Hughes' attempts to life, and the peruser feels the life and opportunity of those characters. Nature, underway of Chopin and Hughes fills in as an incredible image that speaks to the battle of the human spirit towards opportunity, the anguish of that battle, and the delight when that opportunity is at long last reached. In The Awakening, the hero Edna Pontellier experiences a transformation. She lives in Creole society, a general public that confines sexuality, particularly for ladies of the time. Edna is limited by the bounds of a cold marriage, unfulfilled, troubled, and shut in like a confined feathered creature. Throughout her late spring at Grand Isle she is gone up against with herself in her most genuine nature, and winds up cleared away by enthusiasm and love for somebody she can't have, Robert Lebrun. The symbolism of the sea at Grand Isle and its traits represent a power calling her to go up against her inside battles, and discover opportunity. Chopin utilizes the symbolism of the sea to speak to the intrinsic power inside her spirit that is calling to her. ?The voice of the ocean is enticing; persistent, murmuring, clamoring, mumbling, welcoming the spirit to meander for a spell in pits of isolation; to lose itself in a labyrinth of internal consideration.? (p.14) Through nature and its c apacity, Edna, starts to discover opportunity in her spirit and afterward comes back to an actual existence in the city where dwell the contentions that encompass her. Edna experienced childhood with a Mississippi ranch, where life was basic, glad, and serene. The pictures of nature, which fill in as an image for opportunity of the spirit, show up when she talks about this presence. In the novel, she recollects an easier life when she was a kid, inundated in nature and free: ?The hot breeze beating in my face made me think ? with no association that I can follow ? of a late spring day in Kentucky, of a glade that appeared as large as the sea to the almost no young lady strolling through the grass, which was higher than her midsection. She tossed out her arms as though swimming when she strolled, beating the tall grass as one strikes out in the water.? (p.17) Chopin's reference to swimming happens ordinarily in the novel, and through the sea and her encounters swimming, she stands up to nature, however she difficulties and finds her actual self. The utilization of nature is particularly critical as a memory in her youth since it denotes a period in her life when she was upbeat and free. This picture of swimming comes back to her when her spirit is starting to revive, at Grand Isle. When Edna at long last figures out how to swim, she winds up scared, alone, overpowered, and encompassed in a tremendous scope of water. Her experience swimming in the sea just because matches her disclosure and submersion in the genuine idea of her spirit: ?As she swam she was by all accounts connecting for the boundless in which to lose herself . . . A fast vision of death destroyed her spirit, and for a moment of time shocked and enfeebled her sense.? (p.28) She is scared by her own self-revelation ? however is delighted by it. It is this logical inconsistency and this showdown with nature that is achieves Edna's self-revelation and transformation inside the novel. It is more than affection for Robert that drives her to be liberated from the limitations of this general public. Rather, it is her disclosure of her own self that makes her avoid the limits of society. Edna's ?self-revelation? stirs her, and she can welcome

Great Expectations Essay Example

Extraordinary Expectations Essay Example Extraordinary Expectations Paper Extraordinary Expectations Paper Exposition Topic: Extraordinary Expectations Investigating Dickens?f educational encounters and social foundation, I became familiar with the intricate figure Pip, the hero of Dickens?f tale Great Expectations. It might be said with juvenile, sentimental vision and naturally great still, small voice that the notoriety of this novel owes significantly to this character through his unordinary developed encounters, precisely as Dickens himself did. It is an unfailing showstopper, for Dickens?f able composition by representative use, the splendid incongruity, and the supported subject. Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Pip, hero, storyteller, optimism, heart, emblematic, bildungsroman, personal growth Charles Dickenss recognized magnum opus, Great Expectations, is properly viewed as perhaps the best novel ever. Charles Dickens was conceived on February 7, 1812, and went through thefirst nine years of his life living in the beach front districts of Kent, an area in southeast England. Dickens?fs father, John, was a representative in a naval force pay office. He was thoughtful and affable man, yet he didn't have the foggiest idea how to deal with his money related circumstance and consistently ran into financial difficulties. At the point when Dickens was nine, his family moved to London. At the point when he was twelve, his dad was captured and taken to debtors?f jail. Dickens?fs mother moved his seven siblings and sisters into jail with their dad, yet she masterminded the youthful Charles to live alone outside the jail and work with other youngsters gluing names on bottles in a blacking distribution center . Dickens found the three months he spent separated from his family profoundly horrendous. Not exclusively was simply the activity hopeless, however he viewed himself as unreasonably bravo, winning the scorn of different youngsters. After his dad was discharged from jail, Dickens came back to class. He in the end turned into a law representative, at that point a court correspondent, lastly an author. Hisf irst epic, The Pickwick Papers, turned into a tremendous famous achievement when Dickens was just twenty-five. He distributed widely a

Mini-Guide to the GIRs

Mini-Guide to the GIRs I feel slightly weird to be typing away on the MIT blogs again, when the farthest thing on my mind right now is MIT. BUT I feel like if I dont write this entry now, when I have so much time on my hands, this blog would never get written so here goes. Im also going to stray from the conventional path of telling you what options are available to you (Im sure you know that already, being the zealous beavers that you are), but rather Ill base everything on my own personal opinions and observations from freshman year. (Also, this is conveniently before you have to choose your courses for frosh year =p) Again, this is only my interpretation of the GIRs, so please ignore them if you think Im just being woozy in the head. :) 2. Chem fall, bio spring. This year, I went for Professor Landers 7.012 class in the fall being the awesome lecturer that he was. I learned a lot; Professor Lander was great, but we didnt have very many people in the class (it was ~200, at a time when 3.091 had so many people that the lecture was even broadcast into another room). A few inconveniences presented themselves as well the curve could have been a bit better with more people (intro bio assigns grades almost completely on a bell curve), and 3.091 got the lectures recorded on video (for the overflow room) so a lot of people didnt have to go to class (humph*) the same applied for 7.013 in the spring. Alright to be honest it isnt THAT inconvenient, but I always get this naggy feeling that intro courses are better if you do them with the big crowd, and for me, given a chance to do it again, I would do 5.111 in the fall and 7.013 in the spring. Professor Lander was great; but for me, I felt that it wasnt completely worth taking bio early (other than gloating at helping my roommates with their biology queries second semester =p). Also, I really want to address something about my 5.111 class in the spring. 5.111 in the spring, as you may have predicted from the size of 7.012 in the fall is small. We had perhaps no more than 70 students in the class. Contrary to what Ive been reading in the certain thread at College Confidential back in April, the class isnt notoriously instructed. Really, I dont know where that came from. Our two instructors had distinctly different teaching styles, but I didnt feel that anything was wrong with the class. Theres a lot of controversy about our second professor not assigning reading assignments just allow me to say that I feel if you are a student at MIT, you should be capable of divining a chart known as The Table of Contents and finding the relevant sections yourself. To take this as a sign of instructional negligence is in my humble opinion (IMHO) very excessive. /rant To be fair I did feel that 5.111 was a bit too small of an intro class for my liking. I would have preferred a much bigger chem class, and would probably have preferred taking 5.111 in the fall instead. This also frees me up to take 5.12 directly in the spring, and 5.13 sophomore fall. Given the current circumstances, I would have to postpone 5.13 all the way to junior fall. Oh and take 5.111 (or 5.112!) if youre interested in Course 5 or Course 7. I did peruse the 3.091 course content, and no offense to the people who took 3.091, but I feel 5.111 has a more comprehensive and useful chemical introduction if you feel like youre going to take additional chemistry courses in the future. (3.091 is a good course if you dont plan on seeing chemistry ever again like the way I am with physics, muahaha). 5.Not knowing calculus at MIT is like a fish not knowing how to swim. For the math requirement, please refer to This Meticulous Chart. Ive highlighted the common courses I see in pinkish magenta. The three most common paths I see for the Math GIR at MIT is: -If youve seen Calculus in high school and took Calc BC 18.02 -If youve seen Calculus in high school but isnt entirely comfortable with it (or didnt take Calc BC or the Calc ASE) 18.01/2A (the flip side to finish 18.02A you have to stay at MIT during IAP) -If youve never seen Calculus or isnt comfortable beyond basic integration/derivation 18.01. Either of these three paths have quite a decent number of people doing it, so theres no shame if you come in doing 18.01 when your friends might be doing 18.02 or (gasp!) 18.03/18.06 immediately. However, it IS important for you to get your Calc GIR out of the way as soon as possible, rather than prolong it till the very last moment (like what some people do with 7.01x or 8.02 taking it in their senior year). The main reason for this is that theres almost always some level of calc required in science/engineering courses at MIT (even in humanities courses like economics!), and youll be doing yourself a favor understanding 18.01/2 before going into those courses (unless youre planning on majoring on the humanities =p). Also Auroux for 18.02 in the fall is AWESOME! Do try to take that class unless you really have some pressing reason not to =p 10. Try to take a HASS class thats both CI-H and HASS-D in the fall. You need 2 CI-H classes to graduate, and you must take one during your frosh year, so why not make the best of it and kill two birds with one stone by taking a class that fulfills both requirements? (you need three HASS-D classes for the HASS GIR) Besides, youre on pass/no record first semester, so what do you have to lose? 17. On classes with extra decimal places (like 5.112, 8.012 (the advanced version)NOT 7.01x or 5.111, for example) The short and simple of it: Take as much advanced courses as you are able to handle. Before I launch into my rationale, I think it is important to note that I didnt take any advanced classes for my GIRs, and so you may take my treatise with a grain of salt (its from my observations of my peers who took advanced classes). MIT courses, to be simple, would probably be unlike anything youve seen in the past, especially if you didnt come from a very prestigious high school or a magnet science/tech school (at least it was that way for me). Also, college isnt like high school you would soon discover that a regular high school courseload of 7 courses isnt a feasible schedule at MIT unless youre superhuman (and they also exist at MIT, but in very small quantities =p). Its very much the same way with classes like 5.112 and 8.012 (sorry to mention them constantly, Im just using them as an example this also applies to courses like 8.022, 18.022). When people suggest that you should have a high level of chemistry coming in to 5.112 or be comfortable with calc coming in to 8.012, they do really mean it it isnt like your high school teacher saying Make sure you know Algebra 2 before taking Physics!. If you take those advanced courses be prepared to work theres no way that you can breeze through them like what a lot of people do first semester with their GIR courses (since its P/NR). Along with work comes, inevitably, some sacrifice with fun and social time. But on the flip side, as the blogger Paul probably realizes now, theres great rewards to have weathered a difficult class. Intellectual triumphs aside, theres the memorable communal-bonding pset sessions, a better grounding of the subject for subsequent courses, and bragging rights, to mention a few. =p Pass/no record exists as a smoother transition for an incoming frosh to the rigors of the MIT curriculum, living away from home, and making new friends. Yes it can also exist for academic masochism, but I have no doubt that youll see more than your share of it in the coming semesters. Personally, I didnt take any of these advanced courses, and I felt it WAS the best balance for me (even though I still had that naggy voice left over from high school in the back of my mind, You should be taking the MOST RIGOROUS courseload available!). Your balance may be taking both 5.112 AND 8.012 or it may simply be the same as mine. As you will quickly see after you get here, being at MIT is already privilege enough once you get in, it isnt like high school where all the brightest and greatest rush to fill up their schedules with AP classes. Theres no shame to be taking 18.01 when others are taking 18.02 youll all get to where you want to be in due time. You will undoubtedly find your own chord here, the same way that I did the same way that we all do. Interesting fact (confirmed by Mr. Matt McGann): Whether you take 8.01 or 8.012, it all shows up on your official transcript as Physics I. (so let the love of physics be the motivation of taking 8.012) Oh, one last note: DONT TAKE 8.012 just because you hate TEAL. I know, we preach about the evils of the Satan, also known as TEAL, but dont go for 8.012 just because you dont like 8.01T. It isnt worth it. :) 28. PE requirement Take PE courses during your frosh year! The last only one quarter each, and you only need 4 of them for your PE requirement (yes, theres a PE requirement at MIT!). You also should do it during your frosh year cuz its so much more fun taking PE courses with your friends =p. I recommend Sailing and Pistol. :) Also, do your swim test during Orientation and get it out of the way! Youll get a nice white T-shirt as a souvenir too =p 41. Suggested schedule Classes you should definitely ASE or AP out of (or take at earliest opportunity): 8.01, 18.01, 18.02. Suggested Schedule, assuming you have credit for 18.01 (as a lot do from the Calc BC exam): Fall Spring 8.01x 8.02x Chem Bio 18.02 MAJOR HASS HASS Seminar 9-unit class Note: During the spring semester, there are a number of 9-unit classes that are almost targeted directly at freshman, which conveniently fills the gap of your 9 credits and are very interesting (one such class was Snivelys toy design class). It may be worthwhile to shop around during Christmas/IAP to find those classes. Also, by MAJOR I meant that if you have 18.01 credit, you probably can begin taking your first class of your major as soon as the spring semester rolls around. If you dont have 18.01 credit, it only means that you should take 18.02 second semester instead of your major class. Moreover, the HASS spaces above arent completely rigid. You can opt not to take a HASS class second semester and take another class of your interest, but either way, I strongly suggest taking a CI-H+HASS-D HASS class first semester. Use P/NR to your advantage. Moreover x2, you dont have to fill up all 54 and 57 credits if you dont want to. Quite a few people just took 4 classes both semesters so suit yourself and do whatever is comfortable for you. Whew, that is a LOT of discourse on the GIRs. Hope you find it useful. =D And to prove that Im not completely boring, check out this awesome act from my high schools talent show (yes, I got to go to school for the last two weeks of my high schools spring semester and attend the seniors graduation! CONGRATS to all 08s that graduated!) Before you ask yes, this is an American high school in Taiwan. =p

Symbols and Symbolism in A Tale of Two Cities - Symbolic...

Symbolic Events in A Tale of Two Cities Many events that take place in A Tale of Two Cities, written by Charles Dickens, foreshadow upcoming obstacles and give insight into the hardships of the townspeople. Symbolic events occur which describe the vengefulness of the peasants towards the aristocrats. The novel contains many events, which have symbolic value. Many of the symbols have to do with the inevitable clash between the aristocrats and peasants. These events foreshadow the war that is soon to become reality. The first apparent symbolic event is the broken wine cask. A large cask of wine drops and breaks in the street and the people of St. Antoine stop their daily business to drink the wine from the†¦show more content†¦The broken wine cask conveys the suffering and rage that will lead the French peasantry to revolt. The second symbolic event that occurs is the scrawling of the word blood on the wall. One of the men partaking in the drinking of the wine writes the word blood by dipping his finger in the wine-stained mud and using that as his writing tool. One tall joker so besmirched, his head more out of a long squalid bag of a night-cap than in it scrawled upon a wall with his finger dipped in BLOOD (Dickens 33). The word blood symbolizes the unavoidable(muddy wine-lees war that is emerging between peasants and aristocrats. The red letters represent the blood that will flow freely from the aristocrats and political officials. The wine cask and the scrawling of blood indicate the rise in tensions between the two classes. The time was to come, when that wine too would be spilled on the street-stones, and when the stain of it would be red upon many there (Dickens 33). This statement foreshadows the upcoming struggle and the vengeance of the peasantry. The liquid smears on the peasants hands, feet, and faces foreshadow the approaching chaos. 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Constantine The Great And Flavius Valerius Constantinus

PART A Constantine, more formally known as Constantine the Great or Flavius Valerius Constantinus, was born on the 27th of February in possibly 280 CE. Constantine was a Roman, and subsequently Emperor - known to be Christian. Flavius Valerius Constantius, whom was an army officer, was his father, whilst his mother is named Helena - thought to possibly be a concubine of his father. His father is known for being raised to the title of Caesar, becoming known as Constantius Chlorus, granted 3 years of peaceful rule due to the treachery of the previous ruler of Roman Britain. The key influences for Constantine are firstly his father. Having been able to watch the ascendancy of his father to Emperor, and follow in his footsteps to become Emperor of Rome himself - it is clearly evident that Constantine’s father was a great role model. Constantine also found himself under the tutelage of Diocletian after his father took him to the East Empire - becoming known as a youth amongst the leaders there. PART B Constantine is most notably recognized due to his leadership as Emperor of Rome, and the way in which he gained power and held it for such a long time. The first thing that he is best known for is that he was the first of the Roman Emperors to embrace the Christian faith, going against he paradigms and religion of the time. Before Constantine, Christianity was tolerated, but much persecution ensued. His shift to Christianity made it legal, and it became the official religion of theShow MoreRelatedAlexander The Great Of The Classical Greek Culture Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesver seen before. Alexander the Great symbolized that same dichotomy in what he believed, how he dressed and spoke, and how he approached life. He had no idea that he would create a new culture. Alexander spoke Greek but did not act Greek in every way of his life. He did not live modestly like the classical Greek culture required. Instead of dressing simply and with austerity, Alexander wore elaborate Asian-styled clothing and he likely enjoyed Epicurean pleasures. Although leading military campaignsRead MoreConstantine the Great1359 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine the Great Constantine the Great, first Christian Emperor, originator of Constantinople, creator of the Byzantine Empire, military conqueror, and honored saint, has been labeled by many the most instrumental emperor of the Roman Empire. Constantine played a crucial role in the development of Europe during the Middle Ages, and founded Christianity as the formal religion of the Roman Empire. His dynamic yet effective predominance laid the infrastructure of European development. FromRead MoreConstantine the Great Constantine the Great, military victor, glorified saint, equal to the1900 Words   |  8 PagesConstantine the Great Constantine the Great, military victor, glorified saint, equal to the Apostles, first Christian Emperor, builder of Constantinople, and founder of the Byzantine Empire, has been called by many the most influential emperor of Late Antiquity. Constantine played a crucial role in the development of Europe during the Middle Ages, and established Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire. His dynamic yet effective predominance laid the foundations of post classicalRead MoreConstantine And Christianity Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesGaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, or Constantine, is commonly referred to as the fist Christian emperor of the Roman Empire and as the defender of Christianity. Such grand titles are not necessarily due for the reasons that people commonly think of them today. The first clear instance where Christianity is seen in Constantines life is during his campaign against Maxentius. In the spring of 311, when Constantine was marching to Rome to battle against Maxentius, he saw a vision in the

Movies Afecting Indian Youth Free Essays

One Stop for Colleges Education Career ? ? Covers complete IITJEE/AIEEE syllabus ? ? ? Chemistry, Maths and Physics Sections ? Its Free ? Lessons, tests by IIT/NIT toppers 1000+ Questions and Sample tests Last minute preparation and help Minglebox Engineering Prep Free Online Preparation for Engineering with Minglebox Engineering Prep. Cover basic concepts of under â€Å"Section† for Engineering Entrance Exam Preparation with Study material, solved examples and tests prepared by IIT/NIT toppers. 1 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. We will write a custom essay sample on Movies Afecting Indian Youth or any similar topic only for you Order Now om Communication systems Electronic communication refers to the faithful transfer of informationor message (available in the form of electrical voltage and current)from one point to another point. Transmitter, transmission channel and receiver are three basic unitsof a communication system. 2 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com Transducer: Any device that converts one form ofenergy into another can be termed as a transducer. Signal: Information converted in electrical form and suitable for transmission is called a signal. Signals can be either analog or digital. Noise: Noise refers to the unwanted signals that tend to disturb the transmission and processing of message signals in a communication system. Transmitter: A transmitter processes the incoming message signal so as to make it suitable for transmis sion through a channel and subsequent reception. Receiver: A receiver extracts the desired message signals from the received signals at the channel output. Attenuation: The loss of strength of a signal while propagating through a medium is known as attenua tion. Amplification: It is the process of increasing the amplitude (and consequently the strength) of a signal using an electronic circuit called the amplifier. 3 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com Range: It is the largest distance between a source and a destination up to which the signal is received with sufficient strength. Bandwidth: Bandwidth refers to the frequency range over which an equipment operates or the portion of the spectrum occupied by the signal. Modulator: At the transmitter, information contained in the low frequency message signal is superimposed on a high frequency wave, which acts as a carrier of the information. This process is known as modulation. As will be explained later, there are several types of modulation, abbreviated as AM, FM and PM. Demodulation: The process of retrieval of information from the carrier wave at the receiver is termed demodulation. This is the reverse process of modulation. Repeater: A repeater is a combination of a receiver and a transmitter. A repeater, picks up the signal from the transmitter, amplifies and retransmits it to the receiver sometimes with a change in carrier frequency. 4 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com Two important forms of communication system are: Analog and Digital. The information to be transmitted is generally in continuous waveform for the former while for the latter it has only discrete or quantised levels. Every message signal occupies a range of frequencies. The bandwidth of a message signal refers to the band of frequencies, which are necessary for satisfactory transmission of the infor mation contained in the signal. Similarly, any practical communication system permits transmission of a range of frequencies only, which is referred to as the bandwidth of the system. Low frequencies cannot be transmitted to long distances. Therefore, they are superimposed on a high frequency carrier signal by a process known as modulation. In modulation, some characteristic of the carrier signal like amplitude, frequency or phase varies in accordance with the modulating or message signal. Correspondingly , they are called Amplitude Modulated (AM), Frequency Modulated (FM) or Phase Modulated (PM) waves. 5 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com Pulse modulation could be classified as: Pulse Amplitude Modulation(PAM), Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) or Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). For transmission over long distances, signals are radiated into spaceusing devices called antennas. The radiated signals propagate aselectromagnetic waves and the mode of propagation is influenced bythe presence of the earth and its atmosphere. Near the surface of theearth, electromagnetic waves propagate as surface waves. Surface wavepropagation is useful up to a few MHz frequencies. Long distance communication between two points on the earth isachieved through reflection of e lectromagnetic waves by ionosphere. Such waves are called sky waves. Sky wave propagation takes place upto frequency of about 30 MHz. Above this frequency, electromagneticwaves essentially propagate as space waves. Space waves are used forline-of-sight communication and satellite communication. 6 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com If an antenna radiates electromagnetic waves from a height hT, thenthe range dT is given by v2RhT whereR is the radius of the earth. Amplitude modulated signal contains frequencies (? c –? m ), ? c and (? c +? m) Amplitude modulated waves can be produced by application of the message signal and the carrier wave to a non linear device, followed by a band pass filter. AM detection, which is the process of recovering the modulating signal from an AM waveform, is carried out using a rectifier and an envelope detector. 7 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com Sample Examples A message signal of frequency 10 kHz and peak voltageof 10 volts is used to modulate a carrier of frequency 1 MHz and peakvoltage of 20 volts. Determine (a) modulation index, (b) the side bandsproduced. Solution (a) Modulation index =10/20 = 0. 5 (b) The side bands are at (1000+10 kHz)=1010 kHz and(1000 –10 kHz) = 990 kHz. A transmitting antenna at the top of a tower has a height32 m and the height of the receiving antenna is 50 m. What is themaximum distance between them for satisfactory communication inLOS mode? Given radius of earth 6. 4 ? 106 m. Solution = v2 *64*105*32 + v2 *64*105*50 = 64 ? 102 ? v10 + 8 ? 103 ? v10 m =144 ? 102 ? 10 m = 45. 5 km 8 Minglebox Engineering Prep Minglebox. com How to cite Movies Afecting Indian Youth, Papers

Mcdonalds Research Paper Example

Mcdonalds Paper Innovations at McDonald’s Indoor seating (1950s) Drive-through window (1970s) Adding breakfast to the menu (1980s) Adding play areas (late 1980s) Redesign of the kitchens (1990s) Self-service kiosk (2004) Now three separate dining sections Innovations at McDonald’s Indoor seating (1950s) Drive-through window (1970s) Adding breakfast to the menu (1980s) Adding play areas (late 1980s) Redesign of the kitchens (1990s) Self-service kiosk (2004) Now three separate dining sections Six out of the seven are layout decisions! McDonald’s New Layout Seventh major innovation Redesigning all 30,000 outlets around the world Three separate dining areas Linger zone with comfortable chairs and Wi-Fi connections Grab and go zone with tall counters Flexible zone for kids and families Facility layout is a source of competitive advantage Strategic Importance of Layout Decisions The objective of layout strategy is to develop a cost-effective layout that will meet a firm’s competitive needs Layout Design Considerations Higher utilization of space, equipment, and people Improved flow of information, materials, or people Improved employee morale and safer working conditions Improved customer/client interaction Flexibility We open Chapter 9 (Layout Strategies) with the story of   the 7 strategic changes at McDonald’s since 1950. All   but one have been major layout redesigns (eg. , indoor seating, drive thru, play areas, self-service kiosks, etc. ). Adding breakfast foods to the menu (in the 80? s) was the one product change–until now. The front page article in The Wall Street Journal (Dec. 27,2010) details two brand new strategies–the 1st  a product decision and the 2nd yet another layout change. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonalds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Under pressure from market-share competitors of all types–from 7-Eleven  and Starbucks to smoothie outlets  and gas stations– the 14,000 US McDonald’s have broadened their fare. As of now, there are  Ã‚  fruit smoothies, oatmeal, carmel-mocha drinks, flatbread sandwiches, and â€Å"garden† snack wraps. This new product development strategy (Ch. 5) has created so many choices that the company has been running ads reminding us it still sells Big Macs. Using manufacturing technology, McDonald’s has made many new items from existing items’ ingredients. Chicken wraps use Chicken Selects’ meat and breakfast burrito tortillas. This simplifies preparation and lowers costs. But new layout costs have   blunted  franchisee enthusiasm. The food assembly line (see Figure 9. 12 in the text) had to be changed to make wraps. And an  even bigger modification was the addition of the $100,000 McCafe  drink stations– one of the most expensive changes in years. (The corporation picks up $30,000 of that cost). Stores had to be redesigned to make room for space next to the pick-up window to accommodate the 4 pieces of drink equipment. Some franchisees balked at the price tag and low drink sales volumes, claiming â€Å"we are not even paying for the electricity to run the machines†. Discussion questions: 1. Why did McDonald’s make these two strategic changes? 2. Ask your students to rank the importance of the   9 changes, referring to the Global Profile in Ch. 9. 3. How has the average McDonald’s   changed in the past decades? Are all of the layout strategies still in place? OM in the News: Product Enhancement and the McDonald’s Happy  MealJuly 27, 2011 tags: Ch. 5, Happy Meals, McDonalds, product enhancement y Barry Render Under pressure from 550 health organizations to stop marketing   â€Å"junk food†Ã‚   to children and to retire Ronald McDonald (the clown mascot), McDonald’s has chosen the path of product enhancement (Ch. 5) as a preemptive strike. The New York Times (July 27, 2011) reports today that the firm will start to fill its Happy Meal boxes with apple slices  and smaller portions of french fries this September. By next April, the new menu will be rolled out to all 14,000 restaurants. The food industry overall has come under increased scrutiny as childhood obesity levels have risen. San Francisco last year banned the inclusion of toys in kids’ meals unless there is a fruit and vegetable included. New York City has a similar rule in the works. Instead of developing all new kids’ products (or including vegetables), McDonald’s is responding with 1/2 the number of fries and a 20% lower calorie count. The new Happy Meal, containing 4 chicken nuggets and a small Coke, weighs in at 410 calories (vs. 520 in the older product), 17 grams of fat (vs. 23 g), and 58 grams of carbs (vs. 69 g). The firm decided against making apples a total replacement for fries when only 11% of customers showed an interest in that option. While some critics praised the changes  (Mrs. Obama called them â€Å"positive steps†), one NYU prof called the move a â€Å"sham†, in part because McDonald’s is not limiting sodas. In fact, sugar levels go up with the Coke and apple together. Discussion questions: 1. What are the operations challenges in changing the Happy Meal? 2. Do students believe legislation is an appropriate means to make menus healthier? 3. How are other restaurants responding  with children’s menu options. Mc DonaldsOne of the most important strategic decisions made by a company like McDonalds is where to locate their operations. Location options include maintaining current sites while adding another facility elsewhere. (Heizer, 2001)    Their facilities are located all over the world due to their franchising system. In the early 1990s, McDonalds began working with major oil companies to pioneer a new format for developing a restaurant, convenience store and fueling facilities on a single site. By co-developing sites, fueling facility operators and McDonalds could offer the busy consumer the ultimate in convenience ? one stop shopping for great food, branded fuel and convenience store items. According to Operations Management, McDonalds has revolutionized the restaurant industry by inventing the limited-menu fast-food restaurant. Some innovations it has made are the introductions of indoor seating and drive-through windows, which were strategic issues of facility layout. By adding breakfasts to the Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 460,000 just like it! get  better  grades menu, they incorporated a product strategy. Another layout decision was the addition of play areas. McDonalds continues to improve their operations by innovating a new layout to facilitate a mass customization process. Some of the restaurants now have the Made for You kitchen system, where sandwiches are assembled to order and production levels are controlled by computers. This new layout is intended to both improve the taste of food by ensuring that it is always freshly made, and to facilitate the introduction of new products. Total production process time was shortened and other adjustments were made to save even more time and to work in conjunction with the new layout. This new layout will be more efficient, and save more time and money. It achieves a higher utilization of space, equipment, and people. A process strategy that may apply to McDonalds is a repetitive process. They moved from process focus to repetitive focus. They are now trying to add more Facility Layouts Of Mcdonalds- India, Pizza Hut-India ; Dominos Pizza- IndiaINTRODUCTIONIn order to maximizing the effectiveness of production processes and meeting employee needs ; desires Facility layout and design plays a key role in businesss overall operations. It entails in determining the placement off departments, work group within the departments, workstations, machines stock holding points within a production facility. DEFINITION: â€Å"The physical arrangement of everything needed for the product or service, including machines, personnel, raw materials, and finished goods. The criteria for a good layout necessarily relate to people (personnel and customers), materials (raw, finished, and in process), machines, and their interactions. â€Å"- Howard J. Weiss and Mark E. GershonFACTORS IN DETERMINING LAYOUT DESIGN: There are many operational factors which need to consider while construction or renovation of a facility for maximum layout effectiveness. It includes:    * Ease of future expansion or change: Facilities should be designed so that they Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 460,000 just like it! get  better  grades can be easily expanded or adjusted to meet changing production needs. * Flow of movement: The facility design should reflect recognition of the importance of smooth process flow. The flow need not be a straight line. Parallel flows, U-shaped patterns, or even a zig-zag that ends up with the finished product back at the shipping and receiving bays can be functional. However, backtracking is to be avoided in whatever pattern is chosen. * Materials handling: It is essential to ensure the facility layout makes possible to handle materials (products, equipment, containers, etc. ). It should be in an orderly, efficient—and preferably simple—manner. * Output needs: The facility should be laid out in a way that is conducive to helping the business meet its production needs. * Space utilization: This aspect of facility design includes everything from making sure that traffic lanes are wide enough to making certain that inventory storage warehouses or rooms